On 11th February 2026, Major League Rugby (MLR), the United States Rugby Players Association (USRPA), and the Major league Rugby Players Association (MLRPA) announced that they had unanimously ratified the first ever Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) in American Rugby history!
This is undoubtedly a huge step for MLR and for professional rugby in North America, but what exactly is a CBA? What does the CBA contain/involve? and what does this agreement mean for the players and for fans? This article intends to tackle all of the acronyms and jargon, and lay out why this is such a big deal, especially going into a critical 2026 season. This article will cover CBAs as they apply to sports specifically, rather than in the wider employment market.
What is a CBA?
Starting off with the basics, A CBA or Collective Bargaining Agreement is a contract between a union (in this case, USRPA) and an employer (in this case, MLR) that guarantees certain standards and securities. In sports, this most commonly affects the players within a certain league. Players will choose to work with the league in a group (collectively) on these agreements as their bargaining power is far stronger as a group than as individuals. A league will be less likely to accept an individual’s request (however reasonable) even if it means that player not signing in the league, but if a large group of players present a reasonable set of demands the league is more likely to take notice as without players, there is no league.
CBAs almost always have an ‘expiry’ date’, in that they are negotiated between a league and their players for ‘X’ number of years. For leagues that have a CBA in place, when it comes to negotiating a new CBA ahead of the expiry date of the current CBA, things can get tense. If no agreement can be found between the players and the league to either instate a CBA or ratify a new agreement, this can become a labour dispute and can result in a lockout, shutting a league down. Across the ‘Big 4’ North American leagues (MLB, NFL, NBA, NHL) there have been numerous strikes or lockouts due to a failure to agree on a new CBA. Notably, the 2004/05 NHL lockout cancelled the entire season, and roughly half a season was lost in 2012/13 due to labour disputes, but this is not unique to hockey. The NFLPA strikes in 1982 & 1987 affected those seasons, the 1998/99 and 2011/12 NBA seasons had to be shortened due to lockouts, and more recently, a lockout in the MLB in 2021/22 didn’t cancel any games, but forced Opening Day of the 2022/23 season to be pushed back a week.
While this may seem extreme to some, a CBA means a great deal to the athletes that put their bodies on the line in these sports during what is a relatively short career even for stars. If an athlete is going to risk their health and well being in a professional sports league, they will need certain guarantees. For example, if a player gets injured during the season, will they still earn an income even if they are unable to play? Will healthcare costs be taken care of to recover from that injury? If a player is traded, will relocation costs be covered by the league, Players’ Association, or team(s)? Who owns a player’s Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) and the ability to profit from the commercial use of that? A CBA provides all kinds of basic rights and protections for the players within a union or Players’ Association, even covering basic issues like minimum compensation and access to healthcare.
To summarise, in a sporting landscape a CBA provides members of a Union or Players’ Association with basic rights and protections to guarantee that they can live while playing in a professional league, and make a decent career while doing so. Generally speaking it improves conditions for the players and can serve as an incentive or attraction for players considering a career in that sport or pro league. As mentioned earlier, a professional sports league cannot exist without it’s players, and a CBA ensures that these players can exist. With that being said, let’s move into the specifics of this historic CBA between MLR and the USRPA.
The MLR x USRPA Collective Bargaining Agreement
Before digging into the details, some clarification may be necessary. This historic CBA is between MLR and the USRPA. Some more ‘in the know’ fans may be wondering what the difference is between the USRPA, and the Major League Rugby Players’ Association, the MLRPA. With former MLR player and USA Eagle Chris Mattina at the helm of both as Executive Director, it seems that the MLRPA is simply a bargaining unit of USRPA. To alleviate any concerns that the USRPA may not include any foreign players within MLR, their statement regarding the new CBA confirms that ‘The bargaining committee of over 20+ Players consisting of USA Eagles, Canadians, Internationals, and Player leaders were the heart and voice of this agreement.’ so this agreement affects all players within Major League Rugby regardless of eligibility.
With that cleared up, let’s dive into the weeds of what we know about the CBA so far. This was by no means a quick process. The USRPA was founded in late 2016 (prior to the start of MLR) with it’s MLRPA bargaining unit formed in mid-2023, but was only formally recognised by MLR in January of 2024. In June 2025 the USRPA announced that Chris Mattina had been named as Executive Director, and that his ‘initial priorities include leading the MLRPA through it’s first-ever Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) negotiations with Major League Rugby’. In the roughly 6 months since Mattina’s appointment, the USRPA and MLR have been in constant negotiation through labour group Sports Solidary and it’s president, Harry Marino in order to get this first-ever CBA in place prior to the 2026 campaign, and congratulations to everyone involved in making this a reality.
‘This CBA formalized key protections and provides stability so Players can focus on performing at the highest level’ – Chris Mattina, USRPA Executive Director
Although the announcement from MLR was short on details, Alex Goff of Goff Rugby Report (who broke the news of this CBA first) was able to provide a bit more information in his article. Goff writes that ‘this CBA provides every MLR Player with increased salaries alongside several other new rights and protections, including rights for injured players and free agents, health and safety protections, and the establishment of a clear discipline policy and neutral grievance procedure‘.
The USRPA themselves were the first to provide some concrete details about what is included in this new CBA, and divided it into 4 categories: Economic, Health & Safety, Player Rights & Representation, and Fair Discipline & Grievance Procedures. The USRPA revealed that the new CBA secured Economic wins such as an immediate $2,000 lump sum payment for every player, as well as an increase to the minimum weekly compensation for all players and a team assistance to help players find housing in their new cities, if needed. On the Health & Safety front, the new CBA ensures that injured players will remain under contract and continue to earn their full salary and enjoy full benefits as if they were fully fit, with guaranteed access to doctors, trainers, medical health clinicians, and a surgeon of the player’s choosing if required and full compliance with World Rugby safety protocols such as minimum rest periods between matches and Graduated Return to Play (GRTP) protocols for head injuries. In regards to player rights and representation, the CBA also guarantees certain rights to Free Agents not currently under contract and although the release does not specify what these rights are, it’s hard to view that as a negative in any way. This is in addition to returning core NIL rights, allowing players to profit and benefit of their own images which in turn may help to promote bigger personalities that the North American sports landscape loves so much. And finally (at least, publically), the CBA ensures that written notice is required for any disciplinary action against any player, and that any fines are stayed (paused) during grievances, with those grievances settled by a neutral and impartial arbitrator.
Per Irving Mejia-Hilario’s article in the Sports Business Journal, the new CBA is valid for 2 years and covers the 2026 & 2027 MLR seasons. Considering it took the best part of 6 months to negotiate, this is relatively short when compared to other CBAs around North America. The most recent NHL CBA, ratified in July 2025 for the 2026/27 season, will run through to September 2030 (4 seasons). NFL’s current CBA was ratified in 2020 and also runs through the 2030 season. the NBA CBA runs from the 2023/24 season through (you guessed it) 2029/30, and the MLB CBA covered 5 seasons from 2022-2026. Even within the sport of rugby, the Rugby Union Players Association (RUPA) in Australia ratified a CBA that would run from January 2023 to November 2026, and in England, there is a ‘Men’s Professional Game Partnership’ (MPGP) between the RFU, PREM Rugby, and the Rugby Players’ Association (RPA) from 2024-2032, 8 years in total. So the question is, why is the first ever CBA between MLR and USRPA so short?
As you may have noticed, MLR has had a rough time of things lately, contracting from 11 teams in the 2025 season to just 6 in 2026. With the league in such a precarious state, the 2026 season is critical and it’s in the best interests of both MLR and the USRPA that it recovers, and so there is no point negotiating a 5-10 year agreement when the MLR landscape is in turmoil. A longer term CBA is far better negotiated when the league has regained stability and bounced back financially. This short term CBA helps to stabilise the league, and will contribute to the success of MLR whcih will put the USRPA in a better position to negotiate in 2 years time. To put it simply, if this CBA was for 10 years (an extreme case), but by 2030 MLR is profitable and growing ahead of the 2031 home RWC, the Players’ Association would potentially be losing out on securing more benefits for their members until they were able to negotiate once again. When you remember that prior to this, there was NO CBA and very little guarantees for players in the league, a short, 2yr first CBA is a very savvy move given the present state of MLR. What’s more, the details released by USRPA highlight the ability for the Union to ‘reopen economic terms next offseason if the League’s finances improve’. Meaning that should MLR enjoy a wildly successful 2026 season (fingers crossed!) and meet financial goals (that have not been disclosed), USRPA can renegotiate player compensation to adjust for that during the 2026/27 offseason. the Players’ Association have put themselves in a great position, and they have done so by working in cooperation with Major League Rugby who, to their credit, seem to understand that without the players they have nothing.
What does this mean for MLR?
It seems approriate to reiterate that this is the first CBA in Major League Rugby history, and the first CBA for rugby in North America at all. Prior to this, there was no guaranteed welfare, financial, or represensational rights for players. Yes, there were vague ‘industry standards’ prior to this agreement, but nothing set in stone. As a result, players could be dropped, wages may not be paid to injured players, traded players would have to relocate themselves, and all sorts of other potential nightmares that doesn’t even touch on the worst-case scenario of teams folding, which MLR knows a little bit about, unfortunately. This historic CBA changes that. It lays that foundation for player rights, securities, and guarantees that all future CBAs between MLR and the USRPA can build on. As mentioned above, the USRPA announced that the CBA contains a clause that allows the Union to ‘reopen economic terms next offseason should league finances improve’, which more closely ties player salaries and compensation to the success of the league. It means that both sides are rowing together to achieve the same goals: The success of professional rugby in North America.
‘Make no mistake – this is a momentous achievement for the sport in the U.S., as reaching the first CBA for American rugby provides clarity heading into the 2026 season and demonstrates a commitment to finding common ground as MLR seeks to grow the game in the U.S.’ – Graeme Bradbury, MLR Co-President
For fans, this doesn’t really change anything in practice, but it means a huge deal and show the commitment from both MLR and the USRPA to pro rugby in the US. It should settle some nerves following the worst offseason in league history full of chaos that has filled not only fans, but also players and executives with uncertainty ahead of a critical 2026 season, the announcement of this new CBA is a refreshing sign of co-operation between MLR and it’s players. It serves as a commitment from both sides to their mutual success and while lockouts were touched on early in this article, this historic CBA ‘was a really good-faith negotiation with the league’ said Chris Mattina to the Guardian’s Martin Pengelly. From a fan perspective, there really is no downside to the players improving their conditions within the the MLR environment. Given the short duration of this CBA, it’s likely that we will hear more on this subject following the 2026 season but for now, both MLR and the USRPA are shoring up the foundations of the league, stabilising ahead of what must be the most important season in league history so far.